OUTLINE:
I. Introduction
II. Origins of
Diversity A. Earth's
Early Inhabitants B. Origins of Multicellular Eukaryotes C. The Cambrian Explosion D. The Fossil Record
III. Animal
Characteristics A. Animal Cells Are Bordered by a Cell Membrane
B. Animals Are Heterotrophs C. Animals Typically Move at Some Stage in Their
Lifecycles D. Adults Are Diploid and Often Undergo Sexual
Reproduction
IV. Classifying
Animals A. Binomial Nomenclature in Taxonomy 1. Classification Categories (Species to Kingdom)
B. Tissue and Organ Levels of Organization and Germ
Layers 1. Gastrulas Possess Endoderm and Ectoderm 2. Animals Develop as Either Protostomes or
Deuterostomes 3. Mesoderm 4. The Coelom C. Symmetry 1. Radial Versus Bilateral Symmetry 2. Cephalization 3. Larval Symmetry Sometimes Differs From That in
Adults D. Overview of Animal Classification
V. Invertebrate Phyla
A. Porifera (Sponges) 1. Sponges Are an Ancient and Unusual Phylum 2. Sponge Characteristics 3. Sponge Reproduction B. Cnidaria and Ctenophora (Cnidarians and Comb
Jellies) 1. Tissue Level of Organization 2. Cnidarians Have Radial Symmetry and Possess
Specialized Stinging Cells 3. Cnidarian Body Forms and Reproduction 4. Ctenophores (Comb Jellies) Exhibit Biradial
Symmetry and Several Unique Features C. Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) 1. Bilateral Symmetry and Organ Level of Organization
2. Specialized Flatworm Structures 3. Fluke and Tapeworm Lifecycles 4. Flatworm Reproduction D. Rotifera and Nematoda (Rotifers and Roundworms)
1. Rotifers and Nematodes Are Pseudocoelomates
Having a Tube Within a Tube Body Plan 2. Rotifer and Nematode Lifestyles and
Characteristics 3. Rotifer and Nematode Reproduction E. Mollusca (Mollusks) 1. Mollusks Are Coelomates 2. Variations in Mollusk Classes 3. Features Common to All Mollusks: the Foot, the
Mantle, and the Visceral Mass 4. Mollusk Reproduction F. Annelida (Segmented Worms) 1. Annelid Body Plan and Segmentation 2. Variations in Annelid Classes 3. Annelid Reproduction G. Arthropoda (Insects, Spiders, and
Crustaceans) 1. Arthropods Have Specialized and Fused
Segments 2. Characteristic Arthropod Features: Jointed
Appendages and Exoskeletons 3. Specialized Arthropod Senses and Organ
Systems 4. Arthropod Reproduction H. Protostomes and Deuterostomes Differ Greatly
1. Coelom Formation 2. Spiral, Determinate Cleavage Versus Radial,
Indeterminate
Cleavage I. Echinodermata (Echinoderms) 1. Radially Symmetrical Adults Develop From
Bilaterally Symmetrical Larvae 2. The 'Spiny-Skinned' Echinoderms Have
Endoskeletons 3. Echinoderm Water Vascular System and Tube
Feet 4. Echinoderm Reproduction J. Chordata (The Invertebrate Chordates) 1. Definitive Chordate Characteristics 2. Urochordata (The Tunicates and Sea
Squirts) 3. Cephalochordata (The Lancelets)
VI. Economic Roles of
Invertebrates
VII.
Conclusion
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